Choose your favorite civil war paintings from millions of available designs. Civil War generals numbered in the hundreds during the war. Lower ranking officers might temporarily command a unit designated for a higher ranked commanding officer when the unit's commander was killed, wounded or unavailable. ProQuest Civil War Era is the resource American history scholars have been waiting for--comprehensive primary source materials that were previously unavailable digitally, cover a vast range of topics including the formative economic factors and other forces that led to the abolitionist movement, the 600,000 casualties, and the emancipation of nearly 4 million slaves. [14] Historians have recognized a number of Confederate officers who exercised high command but were never formally appointed as generals. A recent compilation by John and David Eicher show most historians who have studied the number have concluded that between 554 and 564 substantive-grade Union generals and between 398 and 401 substantive-grade Confederate generals were properly appointed, confirmed, accepted appointment and served as general officers. Since the Provisional Army, Confederate States (PACS) was the only Confederate Army that was organized by the Confederacy, the Confederate Army and the PACS were identical. Some, like Robert E. Lee, Stonewall Jackson, Ulysses S. Grant and William Tecumseh Sherman are household names. A few notable militia generals and some of the notable brevet general officers have been added, at least in the current absence of a separate list of Union brevet general officers. Abraham Lincoln..President and Commander in Chief. As a result, while the Union and Confederate rules for the rank of general were similar, the CSA experienced a greater diversity at this rank in practice. But the worst of all was McClellan , the … Dismissed March 1, 1861. The inclusion of entire other categories of "generals," such as those who acted as generals but did not receive appointments, state militia generals, Union brevet generals and even some others, can add more names to the lists.[5]. Relieved of duty June 1, 1861 after signing pact with Confederate General, Surrendered men, property and equipment in Texas to Confederates, February 18, 1861. Rodenbough, Theophilus F. and Haskin, William L., ed.. United States War Department, The Military Secretary's Office, This page was last edited on 2 December 2020, at 11:25. Thread starter frontrank2; Start date Jan 26, 2014; frontrank2 Captain. Resigned his commission in October 20,1863, Commissary General of the Army (1861–1864), USMA (class of 1853); left due to amputation of leg, 1851, USMA, 1805 (tenth graduate of West Point), Full promotion to Major general, USV (May 5, 1864) posthumously revoked & substituted with brevet, Relieved of duty at his own request, December 4, 1864, USMA (class of 1843), withdrew July, 1840. The Top Ten. The American Civil War continues to provide a wealth of material for the study of generalship of the highest order. Rodenbough, Theophilus F. and Haskin, William L., ed., 1896, 1966, p. 34. Herman Hattaway and Archer Jones give the number of officers in the pre-Civil War U.S. Army as 1,105. Similar to the procedures of the US, in the Confederate States of America ("CSA") an officer could legally be made a Confederate general only by appointment by the President of the Confederate States and confirmation by the Confederate States Senate. General. Therefore, it can not be assumed that all officers who received brevet general awards necessarily were not actual substantive generals. Although most of the brevet awards were for faithful or meritorious or distinguished service, some were for more extraordinary acts of gallantry. 731–762. If available, ranks are followed by the "to rank from" dates (i.e. Eicher and Eicher and Warner consider such additions as dubious. Developer: AGEOD Tags: Turn-based, Operational, Strategy, Division/Corps/Army, American Civil War, WEGO Available from: Steam, Direct. ); for all other information on their lives and accomplishments, please refer to their individual entries. Union Generals of the Civil War . The Confederates, led by Jefferson Davis fought against the Union, which was supported by all the free states and the five border slave states. Feb.12,1809 – April 15,1865. No people, no buildings, no farms stay intact. General Joshua Chamberlain was a college professor and eventually a brigadier general and brevet major general for the Union army during the Civil War. 6 Douglas MacArthur Douglas MacArthur (January 26, 1880 – April 5, 1964) was an American Field Marshall and Five-Star General. Died from disease on June 20, 1864 after resigning his commission 5 days earlier. [25] The following tables show the general officers and top staff officers of the U.S. Army in early 1861 and their ages, lengths of service in grade, whether they adhered to the Union or Confederacy and in many cases who their successors were. [53] The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina provided at least 6 general officers to the Confederate Army as well as 49 field grade officers, and 120 company grade officers. Wolker Wieker (Germany) Volunteers. Additional reference and distinction between a regular Confederate Army and the PACS is superfluous except perhaps as a minor historical footnote.[24]. Scott joined the regular Army in 1808 and served for 53 years, ranking as a Brigadier General from 1814 and remaining a General Officer until his retirement in 1861 at the age of 75. Colonel, Sylvester Churchill remained senior inspector general. The Confederate forces are often referred to as "Rebel" forces. 519 and 521. U.S. minister to Sweden and Norway (1867–1869), For an introduction and further information, see. Of these, 239 joined the Confederate Army in 1861 and 31 joined after 1861. Valery Gerasimov (Russia) 4. Some of those state appointments predated the start of the Civil War and some occurred after. Stanford University Press, 2001; Warner. The Union Army also had at least a few officers assigned to command or temporarily placed in command of units whose generals had been killed, wounded or become unavailable, but who did not receive full rank appointments, just as the Confederate Army had. Olde Soldier Books, Inc.,, Gaithersburg, MD, 1990. Eicher and Eicher, 2001, lists, pp. Due to the pre-Civil War U.S. Army system of promoting officers based strictly upon seniority, the general officers, chief staff officers and full colonels of the small pre-Civil War army were not only few in number but were almost all of advanced age (over half were in their seventies). Dates: February 3, 1807-March 21, 1891; State: Virginia; Highest Rank Attained: General This gallery provides an overview of several of the key Union generals who contributed to the Union's cause and helped guide its armies to victory. They were only valid for as long as the war lasted. 1. Forum Host. Appointed Brigadier General, US Volunteers by President Abraham Lincoln on September 28, 1861 and was in charge of Benton Barracks and the districts of Cairo and St Louis. [18], Although the number of Confederate generals may not be swollen by the possible addition of well over 1,300 brevet generals whose actual rank was below brigadier general as the Union general list could be, as many as 159 "might have beens" and 226 militia officers have been identified or considered by some authors as Confederate generals of some sort. In determining the worse Generals of the American Civil War, this list will take us from battlefield blunders to portraits on urinals. Thread starter ... . Eicher and Eicher, 2001, p. xxi use this practical shorthand term for officers who were formerly thought to qualify for inclusion in the lists of generals but whose inclusion is now considered mistaken or doubtful due to legal reasons or a consensus of recent scholarship, including the officers who had appointments cancelled or unconfirmed or who declined appointment. Civil War History Discussion . There was no corresponding rank in the United State Army during the Civil War. [52] Norwich was the only military college in the Northern states, other than West Point, which had a sizable number of military trained alumni who could provide a significant number of officers to the Union Army. The more recent compilation of Civil War generals by Eicher and Eicher divides Mr. Warner's list of Union generals into 556 substantive generals, 1 militia general and 32 "might have beens" (6 more in total than Warner states in his introduction to. Civil War Generals 2: Grant, Lee, Sherman Released in 1997, this turn-based strategy video game, which is a sequel to Robert E Lee: Civil War General, allows you to recreate historic battles and/or play a full campaign where casualties and experience carry over to the next battle. During the American Civil War, there were nearly 900 officers in non-militia service who were appointed to become generals. "In the US Civil War, it was quite common for generals to be killed. Eicher, John H., and Eicher, David J., 2001, p.776. Confederate generals were often former officers of the U.S. Army, but some received the rank by merit. Died April 22, 1864. [2] Long simmering sectional antagonisms and differences were brought to a head by the election of Abraham Lincoln as President of the United States in November 1860 and led to the Civil War. [23] In theory, full generals commanded armies, lieutenant generals commanded corps, major generals commanded divisions and brigadier generals commanded brigades. Katsutoshi Kawano (Japan) 10. ... 150 english civil war civil war re-enactment civil war cannon the civil war the american civil war civil war battlefield civil war generals libyan civil war. The school contributed 523 officers to the Union Army and 34 to the Confederate Army. Retired November 29, 1864. Still, the conqueror of the known world is ranked much higher than other leaders with similar numbers, including the Japanese Shogun Tokugawa, German Field Marshal Erwin Rommel, and Confederate General J.E.B. Union generals were either brigadier generals or major generals until Grant was award the rank of lieutenant general in March of 1864. Since the Fort Sumter affair was the first military action of consequence between the opposing forces, however, the dates of the attack on and surrender of the fort are commonly considered the start dates of the Civil War. the date on which the commission is effective) rather than the date of appointment or confirmation, which were generally months if not years later; this is particularly true in the case of brevets, most of which were granted after the war between 1866 and 1869. Identification of American Civil War generals, Actual full rank generals required Presidential appointment, Senate confirmation, Identification of general officers in Civil War service, Grades or levels of general in the Union and Confederate Armies, Active duty U.S. Army officers and military school graduates in Civil War armies, List of U.S. Army generals and chief staff officers in early 1861, The dates of the declaration by South Carolina of its secession from the union of the United States (December 20, 1860), several subsequent seizures of federal forts and property by Confederate state forces in early 1861 and the capture and arrest of United States Army soldiers, especially in Texas, before the bombardment and surrender of the U.S. Army garrison at Fort Sumter in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina (April 12–14, 1861) all could be considered as the starting date of the Civil War. A full, substantive grade promotion superseded and extinguished a brevet appointment to the same or lower rank. The Confederate Army had four grades (or levels or "ranks") of general officers, much like the modern U.S. Army: general, lieutenant general, major general and brigadier general. Officers holding rank on the date of enactment of the first Confederate law on the subject of appointment of general officers, May 21, 1861, were permitted to keep those ranks. Rodenbough, Theophilus F. and Haskin, William L., ed., 1986, 1966, pp. At the outbreak of the Civil War, 296 U.S. Army officers of various grades resigned. They may have been appointed to full grade later or may have been brigadier generals who received a brevet major general award. Civil War general William Tecumseh Sherman is regularly considered to be one of the best generals of all time, and it's easy to see why. A Regular Army promotion, or brevet, ranked ahead of a Volunteer Army promotion or brevet appointment to the same grade. Some names of others whose claims or identifications to general officer grade have often been accepted by historians and compilers of generals' lists are also included in the lists. Nickolas Houghton (United Kingdom) 7. Not all the State Militia appointments to the rank of general were translated into the same rank at the level of the Confederacy. This first-person shooter role-playing game allows the player to get online and play with a massive group of 150 people. In determining the worse Generals of the American Civil War, this list will take us from battlefield blunders to portraits on urinals. I am going to attempt to give them a grade. On both sides, the rank of general had to be approved by the president and Senate (of either the Union or Confederate States.) A few additional Confederate militia or acting generals or 'might have beens" are also currently added to the Confederate general list in a separate section at the end of that list. As noted, while General Wright, Ezra J. Warner and other historians profess to use these criteria to identify Civil War generals, in fact they have inconsistently included about 25 names of officers for each army who do not actually meet the criteria and it is now difficult not to take note of at least these extra officers in lists of Civil War generals. The Confederate Regular Army did not proceed beyond the planning stage and the appointment of six brigadier generals and a few lower grade officers. The same number of generals is given in Wagner, Margert E., List of American Civil War generals (Union), List of American Civil War brevet generals (Union), List of American Civil War generals (Confederate), List of American Civil War generals (Acting Confederate), General officers in the Confederate States Army, https://archive.org/details/memorandumrelati05unit, https://archive.org/details/memorandumrelati01unit, The Brevet Generals of the American Civil War, List of Union Civil War monuments and memorials, List of memorials to the Grand Army of the Republic, List of Confederate monuments and memorials, Removal of Confederate monuments and memorials. Choi – Yoon – Hee (North Korea) 8. Cockrell was promoted to brigadier general shortly after Vicksburg and participated in the campaign for Atlanta as part of Leonidas Polk’s and Alexander P. Stewart’s corps, as well as the futile effort to take Allatoona. Irvin McDowell. Although the Eichers take a stricter view of which Civil War officers should be considered full grade generals, Ezra J. Warner and other historians have accepted the individuals shown in the (General Wright) War Department memos as the officers who should be included in lists of actual Civil War generals. Notes should identify most, if not all, of those who are in this category. One-third of the field officers of Virginia regiments in 1861 were V.M.I. [19] Ten officers who were assigned to duty by General Edmund Kirby Smith in the Trans-Mississippi Department after communications were cut off or severely slowed down by Union forces securing control of the Mississippi River are among the "might have beens." Also brevets awards were made both as Regular Army brevet generals and as U.S. Nomination ordered returned to President Lincoln, February 12, 1863. Civil War II. Major General Joseph Hooker ( “Fightin’ Joe Hooker” ) November 13, 1814 – October 31, 1879. Some became good generals but many others were poor commanders. No doubt, I will likely have a great deal of criticism regarding my choices, as this is certainly a passionate and controversial subject for most individuals who love American Civil War history. Dalbir Singh (India) 9. The following lists show the names, substantive ranks, and brevet ranks (if applicable) of all … War of rights is an American Civil War game based on the Maryland Campaign of 1862. Eicher and Eicher, David J., 2001, p.xvii. Not all these men were successful at that rank. The authenticity of the period is the focus of the game's storyline and visuals. Some officers who were promoted to full actual grade general received brevet promotions first. All civil war paintings ship within 48 hours and include a 30-day money-back guarantee. Joined Oct 10, 2012 Location Mt. When he asked to be relieved on January 23, 1865 he reverted to lieutenant general. Eicher and Eicher say that Wright actually showed five fewer brevet generals, but they list 1,400. Continued in position until succeeded Benjamin F. Larned as Colonel and Paymaster General, September 6, 1862. 1. graduates. The list of American Civil War (Civil War) generals has been divided into five articles: an introduction on this page, a list of Union Army generals, a list of Union brevet generals, a list of Confederate Army generals and a list of prominent acting Confederate States Army generals, which includes officers appointed to duty by E. Kirby Smith, officers whose appointments were never confirmed or completed and State militia generals who were in combat or otherwise on active duty. Hunt, Roger D. and Brown, Jack R., Brevet Brigadier Generals in Blue. But the worst of all was McClellan , the … [56] Using these sources results in the inclusion of about 25 "might have beens" in both armies. Scott was a veteran of the War of 1812, the Mexican-American War and several Indian Wars, and was already an elderly man when the Civil War started. [6] These lists and the accompanying information were almost certainly compiled by former Confederate General Marcus J. Wright, who had been engaged to collect Confederate records in particular. List of American Civil War generals (Confederate), List of American Civil War generals (Acting Confederate), List of American Civil War brevet generals (Union), Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States, De Trobriand, Philippe Régis Dénis de Keredern, Chairman of the Republican National Committee, Quartermaster General of the United States Army, Von Steinwehr, Adolph Wilhelm August Friedrich, Baron, General officers in the Confederate States Army, https://archive.org/details/memorandumrelati05unit, https://archive.org/details/memorandumrelati01unit, The Brevet Generals of the American Civil War, https://web.archive.org/web/20080306062513/http://sunsite.utk.edu/civil-war/wpungen.html, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_American_Civil_War_generals_(Union)&oldid=1000757373, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Appointed brigadier general, USV (September 3, 1861) by, Original appointment as brigadier general, USV (October 4, 1862) expired March 4, 1863, Declined appointment as brigadier general, USV (August 7, 1861), Original appointment as brigadier general, USV (November 29, 1862) expired March 4, 1863, Original appointment as brigadier general, USV (September 7, 1862) expired March 4, 1863; second appointment (March 30, 1863) expired March 30, 1864; finally confirmed June 30, 1864, Appointment as brigadier general, USV withdrawn February 12, 1863, Rejected appointment and resigned, March 11, 1863, Arrested on unspecified charges, January, 1863, Died in riding accident December 22, 1863, Original appointment as major general, USV (October 6, 1862) expired March 4, 1863, Last surviving brevet general (d. 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